Originally posted March 5, 2025
Updated April 23, 2025
What to know about measles and how to protect against it
Measles cases have been popping up in recent months, causing increased concern about a disease that was once considered eliminated from the U.S. Most notably known for its red, rash-like appearance, measles can cause serious health complications.
Our infectious diseases and critical care experts answered some frequently asked questions, sharing what they want families to know.
What is measles?
Measles (rubeola) is a highly contagious virus that causes fever, coughing, runny nose, red eyes, loss of appetite and a very diffuse rash. Also, some people can have small spots in their mouth (Koplik spots) before the rash starts.
Are there other infections that can look like measles?
Yes, since it is a virus, other viruses can cause similar symptoms, especially this time of year.
Why all the recent concern?
There has been an increase in measles since 2024 with cases reported in several states, now including Virginia.
How do you get measles?
The virus is transmitted by direct contact with infectious droplets or airborne spread when infected people cough or sneeze. The virus can last in the air several hours after an infected person is in an area – so you do not need to be in the room at the same time to get infected. It is very contagious.
Are children at increased risk?
Unfortunately, yes. Children can become very sick and require care in the hospital from this infection, especially young children. Other groups to be mindful of are pregnant women and people with weak immune systems (e.g., children with cancer).
How do I prevent measles?
The only known way to prevent measles is with immunization against the virus. Over 97% of people will be protected after receiving two doses of the MMR vaccine. As with other viruses, being careful to wash your hands and covering your mouth while coughing or sneezing is helpful. In some cases, vaccination shortly after exposure can limit the spread or decrease the severity of illness.
How do you treat measles?
Since it is a virus, antibiotics will not help. Supportive care is the current treatment. For children diagnosed with measles, treatment with two doses of vitamin A is recommended but this should be done under the supervision of a qualified physician. Vitamin A does not prevent measles. It is important to make sure, like with other viruses, that you encourage fluids and rest, and treat uncomfortable fever with medicines such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen (if your child is old enough for ibuprofen).
When should I call my child’s doctor?
You can call your child’s doctor at any time, but specifically if your child is very young (less than a year old), not taking enough fluids or you know of a measles exposure. It is not always necessary to bring your child with suspected measles to the emergency room or to your physician. However, if you are concerned about potential measles, please let the staff know as quickly as possible so appropriate isolation can be conducted to prevent spread.