Kids diagnosed with eczema, or atopic dermatitis, will likely deal with the skin condition for years, but there are ways to minimize its impact on their daily life. Dr. Jeff Yu, chair of dermatology for both VCU Health and CHoR, answers these 8 questions about how to ease symptoms and when it could be a sign of a bigger problem.
How common is eczema and what causes it?
Eczema occurs in approximately 20% of all children and 10% of adults. Most kids with eczema will continue to have some form of it even as adults. No single cause has been identified, but eczema results from a combination of factors, including family history and genetics, climate, skin bacteria and environmental allergens.
What does eczema look like and what areas of the body does it usually affect?
Red, scaly patches that are itchy are found to be eczema. They typically show up in skin folds such as elbow creases, backs of the knees, wrists and back of the neck. In patients with darker skin, eczema patches can look purple or brown.
What types of symptoms do patients with eczema usually experience?
Itching is the most common symptom. This can occur throughout the day, but patients often have more itching at night.
How can you treat eczema and is it contagious?
It is absolutely NOT contagious. Treatment for eczema includes various topical medications, phototherapy/light therapy, oral immunosuppressants or injectable biologics. Today, there are more than six FDA approved treatments for atopic dermatitis in children and adults with many more coming on the horizon. Many of the treatments for atopic dermatitis can control eczema and flareups if used appropriately.
What should patients with eczema avoid?
Common irritants include fragrances, wool, harsh detergents or soaps and extreme temperatures.
When should someone with eczema consult a doctor?
If topical over the counter moisturizers aren’t providing relief, then I would recommend consulting with a board-certified dermatologist or allergist. Not all doctors are knowledgeable about treatment options for eczema, but most dermatologists and allergists are able to treat eczema well.
How does eczema impact more than just the skin?
Eczema is more than just skin deep meaning it affects more than just the skin. There are notable psychological impacts of eczema such as depression and anxiety, as well as growth implications in children with moderate to severe eczema. Kids with it are more likely to be below the 50th percentile in terms of growth compared to kids without eczema. They are also more likely to have anxiety and depression.
How long will patients diagnosed with eczema expect to have it?
I tell patients that this can be a lifelong disease. Some kids with mild atopic dermatitis may grow out of it, but we are learning that most kids with eczema will have it as adults.